Description
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Approval page ii
Certification page iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgements v
Table of contents vi
List of tables vii
Abstract viii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 3
1.3 Objectives of the study 4
1.4 Research questions 4
1.5 Significance of the study 5
1.6 Scope of the study 6
1.7 Limitations of the study 6
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms 7
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction 8
2.1 Conceptual Framework 8
2.1.1 The concept of Bureaucracy 8
2.1.2 Threats of Bureaucracy 14
2.1.3 Need for Bureaucracy 16
2.1.4 Problems of the Nigerian Bureaucracy 18
2.1.5 Public Administration and Public Bureaucracy: The Nexus 19
2.1.6 Public Bureaucracy 22
2.1.7 Bureaucracy Corruption and the Failure of Local Government
Administration in Nigeria 24
2.1.8 The Bureaucratized Local Government and Employee Behaviour 26
2.1.9 Bureaucracy, the Nigeria Civil Service and Local Government 27
Employees
2.1.10 Concept of Policy Framework 28
2.2 Empirical Literature 29
2.3 Theoretical Framework 34
2.3.1 Max Weber’s Rational Theory 34
2.3.2 Alvin Gouldner’s situational/degree bureaucratic theory 35
2.3.3 Donnellon’s Post-Bureaucratic Theory 35
2.4 Summary of Reviewed Literature and Gap in knowledge 37
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 38
3.1 Research design 38
3.2 Sources of Data 38
3.2.1 Primary Source of Data 39
3.2.2 Secondary Source of Data 39
3.3 Area of the Study 39
3.4 Population of the Study 39
3.5 Sample Size Determination 41
3.6 Sampling Technique 45
3.7 Instrumentation 46
3.8 Reliability of the Instrument 46
3.9 Validity of the Research Instrument 46
3.10 Method of Data Analysis 47
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1 Instrument Distribution and Rate of Return 48
4.2 Data presentation 50
4.3 Data Analyses 55
4.4 Discussion of finding 60
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of findings 61
5.2 Conclusion 61
5.3 Recommendations 62
Bibliography 63
Appendix 68
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Basically, bureaucracy involves a hierarchical positioning of jobs and responsibilities in such a planned and rational manner and guided by such internal rules and regulations as to obviate the intermixture of personal interests with official functions/roles (Ozor, 2004). The rules and regulations also define the duties of members and the procedures for carrying out official duties based on formal structures and authority. In simple terms, bureaucracy is a formal administrative structure with distinct operational features that include division of labour, hierarchy of authority, impersonality, rationality, neutrality and system of rules among others (Ezeani, 2006).
Bureaucracy is often heard and used in connection with the conduct of public affairs and the activities of public officials; who are usually known as civil servants in charge of government agencies. To these set of workers bureaucracies glaringly appear inevitable because of related work activities that is broad, hierarchical structures involved in work management, divided work responsibilities and complex paperwork associated with modern organizations (Adebayo, 2007)
In ideal situations, bureaucracy is known and desired essentially for its reliability, efficiency, speed, dependability and effectiveness in implementing policies. This is what it actually is, to a very reasonable extent, in developed nations. In developing nations, like Nigeria however, the bureaucracy appears to be obviously far from being such as its operations and activities is very much fraught with some challenges arising from the existence of certain negative factors and circumstances.
Bureaucracy, according to Max Weber, the acclaimed father of modern bureaucracy, is a must for modern organization. It regulates work carried out among many people, with different responsibilities and tasks through rules and regulations, in a hierarchical upward relationship which serves as a control.
A policy framework on the other hand is a logical structure that is established to organize policy documentation into groupings and categories that make it easier for employees to find and understand the contents of various policy documents. Policy frameworks can also be used to help in the planning and development of the policies for an organization. In line with this, this study is empirically anchored on suggesting a policy framework for improving bureaucratic effectiveness using Egor local government of Edo state as the case study.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction
In this chapter which is the review of related literature, the conceptual framework will be carried out because there are some fundamental and technical concepts that demand for clarifications in the way they are being used in the study. The theoretical framework will show the theories and models in line with the study, the empirical literature will contain a review of related studies related to the concept under study and the critique of literature will establish the gap and the limitations of the previous studies.
2.1 Conceptual Framework
2.1.1 The Concept of Bureaucracy
The term bureaucracy is derived from the French word ‘bureau’ which means ‘office’. Literally, bureaucracy means that power is in the hand of officials. Sociologists use the term to designate a certain type of structure, a particular organization of rationally coordinated unequal, and reject the term which equates bureaucracy with “red tape”, inefficiency and the likes. But in Public Administration, Redtapism is brought to fore because of the below expectations level of policy implementation and execution the government offers to the people. Howbeit, most social scientists define bureaucracy in a more neutral way as the formal organization of administrative tasks. In defining bureaucracy as the formal organization of administrative officials, social scientists have tried to avoid prejudgments. A bureaucracy is not necessarily rigid, insensitive or power striving. Nevertheless, the idea of bureaucracy, as it is used in social science theory does carry special connotations. Hence bureaucracy is a kind of formal administrative structure that has distinctive characteristics and problems.
Max Weber has been credited with having made the most thorough analysis of bureaucracy. Accordingly, he is ranked as the greatest exponent of bureaucracy as his work in this area is treated in academic discourse as a classical piece. Consequently, Weber’s conception of bureaucracy becomes crucial to this paper. Max Weber (1946) conceived bureaucracy thus:
The fully developed bureaucratic mechanism compares with other organizations exactly as does the machine with the non-mechanical modes of production. Precision, speed, unambiguity, knowledge of the files, continuity, discretion, unity, strict subordination, reduction of friction and of material and personal costs – these are raised to the optimum point in the strictly bureaucratic administration. Its specific nature develops the more perfectly the more bureaucracy is `dehumanized’, the more completely it succeeds in eliminating from official business, love, hatred, and all purely personal irrational and emotional elements which escape calculation.
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